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What they don't want you to know
about Buteyko
"Western doctors have now either stopped
looking for the sources of asthma, angina and high blood pressure or have
faulty ideas of them. That is why these illnesses are still incurable." K.
P. Buteyko[i]
The Buteyko
breathing therapy (BBT) is a treatment that can cure asthma and many related
disorders, save many lives, and make medications unnecessary.[ii] It was invented by Dr K. P.
Buteyko, a Russian scientist of Ukrainian origin whose early research was held
back due to lack of funds,[iii] and repression by the medical establishment.[iv] [v] In 1985
BBT was officially recognised by the Russian Government.[vi]
In Western
countries the proven success of BBT appears to pose a threat to the consumer
oriented medical system and there is evidence that it is suppressed by
pharmaceutical companies and their beneficiaries.[vii] As long as we have a health
system that puts its own welfare over the needs of the people it is meant to
serve, people will continue to die unnecessarily from asthma. This article
looks at the reasons why BBT has yet to be integrated into medical practice in
the West.
What is asthma?
Asthma is a serious,
chronic and potentially life threatening condition.[viii] The term "asthma" comes from a Greek word
aáζειν (aazein), which means "to breath with open
mouth or to pant".[ix] Asthma accounts for one in 250 deaths worldwide.[x]
Western
medicine has no clear definition of asthma, nor has it identified the cause or
found a cure.[xi] [xii] Dr K
P Buteyko claimed that bronchial asthma and other conditions such as high blood
pressure and angina are symptoms of an underlying disorder caused by over
breathing.[xiii] [xiv] Further research into environmental factors will not find
the cause or cure of asthma.[xv]
Why is
Buteyko Breathing Therapy important?
The prevalence
of asthma has increased by 50% since the 1980s.[xvi] The World Health Organization reported in 2000 that
150 million people suffer from asthma worldwide, and 180,000 die of asthma each
year.[xvii] A Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA)
report in 2004 claimed the number of asthma sufferers worldwide stood at 300
million.[xviii] [xix] This
figure is predicted to rise to 400 million by 2025.[xx]
The GINA report
2004 claims the United Kingdom has the highest percentage of people with asthma
in the world: over 18% of the population of Scotland has asthma, Wales 17% and
England 15.3%, a total of 10 million people.[xxi] [xxii] [xxiii]
A European
Commission survey estimates that the number of people with asthma in the UK is
almost double the EU average, with 1,500 deaths from asthma each year.[xxiv] [xxv]
Treatment of asthma costs the National Health Service (NHS) £900
million per year.[xxvi] The total annual costs of asthma in the
UK including NHS costs, social security payments and lost productivity have
risen to £2.3 billion.[xxvii] The
NHS could save a fortune if people with asthma used BBT, and most asthma deaths
could be prevented.[xxviii] [xxix]
Medical
statistics for the developed countries in 1999 reveal that there has been an
epidemic increase in bronchial asthma in proportion to the increase in
intensity of drug therapy.[xxx] The high death rate and the development of allergies indicate that drugs are
not effective in controlling asthma. Studies show that drug treatments relieve asthma symptoms in the
short term but do not cure the condition; as dependency on medication increases
over time, the symptoms, and side-effects of medication, worsen in the long
term.[xxxi] [xxxii]
Due to concerns
about side effects, long-term dependence and escalation of medication with
little improvement of symptoms, asthma patients are increasingly choosing BBT,
which is "...most notably reported to enhance symptom control and enable
reduction in medication." [xxxiii]
The problems with current asthma treatment
A public health
information service provided by AstraZeneca claims that: "There is no cure for asthma, but there
are different types of medicines that will help to keep it under control and
relieve symptoms."[xxxiv] The UK Department of Health claims it has achieved a reduction in the incidence
of asthma and that current drug treatments are effective.[xxxv] However, there is much
evidence that these claims are not true.[xxxvi]
The results of
a clinical study published in the Lancet in 1990[xxxvii] highlighted the dangers of
asthma reliever inhalers: "...regular inhalation of a beta-sympathomimetic
agent was associated with deterioration of asthma control in the majority of
subjects. The trends to use of regular, higher doses or longer-acting inhaled
beta-sympathomimetic treatment may be an important causal factor in the
worldwide increase in morbidity from asthma."
A clinical
trial shows that the risk for asthma attacks increases when patients develop a
tolerance for beta-agonist reliever drugs; a second study shows that
beta-agonist use increases the risk of heart attack.[xxxviii] Pharmacists claim that
the asthma reliever drug albuterol (Ventolin) can cause headaches,[xxxix] palpitations, fast heart rate, high blood pressure, tremor, nausea,
nervousness, dizziness, heart burn, throat irritation, nose bleeds,[xl] urticaria, angioedema, bronchospasm, hoarseness, oropharyngeal oedema, and
arrhythmias.[xli]
Many asthmatics
are prescribed higher steroid doses to get worsening symptoms back under
control, but research shows that increased doses of steroids have no effect on
asthma.[xlii] Many
studies show that corticosteroid drugs can have serious side effects.[xliii] Corticosteroids reduce airway inflammation by preventing the immune system from
overreacting to allergens, but they suppress natural immunity and promote
systemic bacterial infection and fungal growth.[xliv] Other side effects include:
sore throat, oral thrush, hoarseness, dysphonia, easy bruising, dermal
thinning, cataract formation, osteoporosis, glaucoma, adrenal failure, bone
fractures,[xlv] [xlvi] allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of the throat; swelling of the
lips, tongue, or face; or hives); numbness, tingling, open sores, and worsening
respiratory symptoms.[xlvii] Steroids also cause psychiatric side effects such as depression, mood swings,
aggression, irritability, insomnia and occasionally "steroid
psychosis".[xlviii] [xlix] [l] [li] [lii]
Clinical trials
have shown that drugs containing salmeterol, long-acting beta-2-agonist
bronchodilators, such as Advair, Serevent and Foradil, improve symptoms but
make the underlying problem worse.[liii] There is evidence that long acting beta-agonists increase the risk of severe,
potentially life-threatening asthma attacks in some people. A British study
shows that the risk of dying as a result of asthma is three times higher in
asthmatics using long-acting Serevent than short-acting Ventolin, yet
long-acting beta-2 agonist bronchodilators continue to be the most widely
prescribed asthma medications, with both the public and primary care doctors
unaware of the dangers.[liv] [lv]
Salmeterol is
now aggressively marketed as part of a combination asthma drug with inhaled
steroids.[lvi] A large population study showed that combined salmeterol and inhaled
corticosteroid was associated with an increased risk of asthma-related death.[lvii]
Buteyko Breathing Therapy
BBT is a highly
effective, safe asthma management therapy that is totally free from side
effects.[lviii] The
inventor of BBT, Dr. K. P. Buteyko, found that asthma and many other chronic
conditions such as allergy, rhinitis, high blood pressure and angina were
protective mechanisms caused by habitual over breathing. The technique he
developed stops attacks of asthma and brings about recovery in at least 90% of
patients within a few days of training. In addition, drug use is markedly
reduced and eventually patients no longer need them.[lix] The therapy is easy to learn
and can be taught to children from three years of age. It can be used with very
ill patients and is most effective in acute bronchial asthma.[lx] If BBT were taught to all
schoolchildren the incidence of asthma would decline within five years.[lxi]
Buteyko found
that conditions such as asthma, angina, and high blood pressure are not
illnesses, as diagnosed by Western doctors, but symptoms that result from the
disease of deep breathing; also that there is a direct correlation between the
depth of breathing and the degree of symptoms - the deeper the breath, the
worse the symptoms become. Conversely, the shallower the breath, the healthier
and stronger the organism becomes. Buteyko found there were no adverse effects
from correcting over breathing.[lxii] However, recovery from a chronic
hyperventilation involves overcoming at least one period of worsening of
symptoms as the mechanisms of regulation and restoration are reset to accept a
higher carbon dioxide (CO2) level as the norm.[lxiii] Bronchodilators have the reverse effect, opening up
the airways to allow more oxygen in and expelling CO2.[lxiv]
In "The First Hand
Buteyko Method" M. Buteyko and V. Buteyko describe how the extent of
incorrect breathing is identified by means of the dual measurement of the
control pause and pulse.[lxv] They
explain that BBT reduces breathing primarily by means of breathing
through the nose, relaxation, reduction of breathing until "slight air
hunger" is felt, and avoidance of breath-increasing factors: drugs,
chemicals, synthetic fumes, overeating, lack of exercise, emotional excess and
overindulgence.
There are less
than 300 people teaching versions of BBT in the western world, fewer than 20
full-time Buteyko practitioners in any Western country.[lxvi] They work independently,
competing against each other for clients, and have not contributed to a central
research fund. Buteyko classes are available only in a few countries: Russia, Australia,
New Zealand, Israel, USA, Canada, Germany, Holland and the United Kingdom.
Millions of asthmatics worldwide do not have access to Buteyko therapists.[lxvii]
It is important
to note that BBT was never meant to be a complementary or alternative therapy;
rather, it was intended to constitute a revision of medical diagnosis and
treatment of disease. Dr Vladimir Buteyko and Dr Marina Buteyko explain this in
“The Buteyko theory about a key role of breathing for human health”[lxviii]
Dr M. Buteyko and Dr V.
Buteyko write that many opportunistic "pseudo-Buteyko" practitioners
with no medical knowledge teach a distorted version of BBT.[lxix] They state that: "The
rules discovered by K.P. Buteyko prove that direct control of respiratory
movements (inhale/exhale/pause amplitude and/or duration) is extremely
dangerous. This means that almost all known methods of 'respiratory
gymnastics' have nothing to do with BBT and
may turn to be quite hazardous."[lxx] They
also point out that it is incorrect to refer to BBT as “the
breath-holding technique” as breath holding is used only for special
purposes.
BBT and other chronic
conditions
BBT has been
shown to be effective in curing or at least improving many other chronic
conditions such as allergy, rhinitis, high blood pressure, angina,[lxxi] obstructive sleep apnoea,[lxxii] arthritis, weak immunity,[lxxiii] bronchitis, emphysema,
chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, sinusitis, anxiety, migraine,[lxxiv] and panic attacks.[lxxv]
A BBC Inside Out programme [lxxvi] featured a woman
with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (C.O.P.D.) who had a poor
quality of life, severe mobility problems due to breathlessness and relied on
many medications, including a nebulizer, reliever and preventer. Since the
Buteyko training her quality of life has improved substantially; she no longer
needs to use her nebulizer or the reliever, and is able to walk up hills
without stopping for breath.
Clinical trials prove the efficacy of BBT
Clinical trials
have all demonstrated that most people who complete the Buteyko course no
longer need their reliever medication and eventually give up preventive
steroids as well. K. P. Buteyko conducted a six-year trial of 100,000 patients
with asthma who were being treated with drugs. Approximately 92,000 of the
subjects do not take drugs today.[lxxvii]
Buteyko tested
his theory on very ill children with asthma and other chronic disorders. Most
had allergic reactions to drugs that had little effect on their symptoms. The
children learned BBT quickly, and after 1-5 days asthma and related symptoms
disappeared. 73% of patients stopped their medication at the start of the
trial, and most of the remaining subjects reduced drug use after 4 days. All
patients showed improvement in asthma control: 83% showed considerable
improvement and 17% showed some improvement.[lxxviii]
Subsequent
trials have confirmed Buteyko's results. In 1995 a four month trial in
Brisbane, Australia, showed an average reduction in reliever medication of 90%
in the Buteyko group, and after three months, a reduction of 49% in steroid
preventive drugs, as compared to no significant changes in the control group.[lxxix]
A six month
trial in New Zealand in 2000 showed similar results to the Brisbane trial, with
a reduction of reliever drugs of 85% and steroids by 50%.[lxxx] An Australian trial of BBT
taught by video showed a 60% reduction of reliever drugs and a major
improvement in quality of life in the Buteyko group.[lxxxi]
A major
two-year trial in Glasgow, Scotland, UK showed similar results to the Brisbane
study. In the BBT group asthma symptoms decreased by 98%, and remained the same
after six and twelve months. Use of reliever medication decreased by 98%,
preventive medication decreased by 92%, reliever oral medication decreased by
100%, preventive oral medication decreased by 96%, and incidence of cold or
viral infection decreased by 20%. The quality of life increased by 100%. There
was no significant change on any of these outcome measures in the placebo and
control groups.[lxxxii]
In addition,
there have been two trials comparing BBT with other breathing techniques. A
six-month trial in Nottingham compared the effects of BBT with pranayama yogic
breathing.[lxxxiii] The BBT group decreased use of reliever medication by 100%. After six months
40% of remaining participants reduced steroid use by 75-100% and 15% of
subjects reduced steroid use by 25-50% - significantly more than reductions in
the pranayamic or control groups.[lxxxiv]
More recently a
study in Calgary, Canada, compared results of BBT with breathing techniques
used by physical therapists for asthma.[lxxxv] The findings show that at six months, while both the BBT and control groups
substantially improved in terms of asthma control and quality of life, the BBT
group showed significantly reduced symptoms and decreased use of steroid drugs.
29% of the remaining BBT subjects stopped using steroid drugs, compared with
just over 6% of the control group.
A recent
three-month study of children at Gisborne Hospital, New Zealand showed results
similar to studies of adult asthmatics: There was a 66% reduction in
bronchodilator medications and a 50% reduction in steroid use.[lxxxvi]
Without doubt,
BBT "...has been scientifically proven to be a safe, highly effective and
complementary technique for treating asthma."[lxxxvii] Moreover, it has saved
many thousands of lives, and if it were introduced to mainstream medical
practice in the West, it could save many more lives.[lxxxviii] It has also proven to be
highly cost effective since it requires a course of just five 90 minute
sessions at a cost of around £300,[lxxxix] [xc] which is very little compared to the huge potential savings in terms of lives
and medication costs.
BBT is highly cost effective
A report by the
research company Dr Foster Intelligence shows that £64 million a year is spent
on emergency asthma admissions to hospital in the UK.[xci] A report commissioned by Asthma UK argues that
given that asthma costs the UK more than £2.3 billion a year in NHS services
and drugs, benefits and lost productivity, it would make more financial sense
to invest in primary care programmes to help people with asthma control their
symptoms.[xcii] Besides saving lives and keeping asthma
patients out of hospital,[xciii] BBT is inexpensive and can save health services a lot of money.
A QED Science
programme told how Dr Spence, a Glasgow GP, taught BBT after the expensive drug
treatments currently on the market failed to improve his patients' asthma. Dr
Spence said: "The simple fact is that 34 patients, prior to BBT, were
costing £15,000 for their asthma medication. After BBT, they were costing £5,000.
That's a reduction of two-thirds in their drugs bill. If this was extended to
the rest of the country, very significant savings could be made."[xciv]
A Cornish GP, Dr Rupert
Manley, carried out a pilot study of BBT and found that most of
his patients used fewer drugs as a result of the breathing training. He claims BBT could save the NHS £270m - more than half of what it spends nationally
on asthma drugs.[xcv]
Asthma is curable - so why are people dying?
Evidence has
shown that asthma is curable, yet the official line is that there is no known
cure for asthma.[xcvi] [xcvii] The
Department of Health claims it has achieved a reduction in the incidence of
asthma, and that current drug treatments are effective, despite evidence to the
contrary.[xcviii]
Evidence also demonstrates
that BBT is highly cost effective, that it could reduce the
burden on the NHS, improve the health of people with asthma and other chronic
conditions without drugs, and save many lives. Yet respiratory specialists
still do not prescribe it; it is still not available on the NHS. BBT is portrayed as a complementary
therapy with no proven scientific basis, and this view is difficult to change
due to the lack of willingness on the part of funding bodies to support further
research.[xcix] Despite repeated parliamentary debates the Department of Health remains
dismissive of BBT.[c] [ci] [cii] [ciii] [civ]
The House of Commons debates
Despite the
official Government stance, and the reluctance of the medical profession to
take the Buteyko theory seriously,[cv] Ministers of Parliament, including Anne Campbell[cvi] and Jonathan Aitken, have
been among the first British asthma patients to benefit from BBT.[cvii]
In November
1998 Mr Letwin MP asked the Health Secretary to assess the advantages of using
BBT in the NHS for the treatment of asthma. Mr Hutton replied that there were
no plans to carry out a trial of BBT and
the Medical Research Council was not currently funding research into BBT.[cviii]
The positive
results of the Glasgow trials of BBT, pioneered by Jill McGowan, seemed to
herald a new era of hope for asthma sufferers.[cix] The success of the trials led
to a new Parliamentary debate. On 10th June 2002 Anne Campbell MP asked the Health Secretary what assessment had been
made of the effectiveness of BBT in asthma treatment, but there was
little change in the response. Ms Blears answered that the Department of Health
had not commissioned an evaluation of BBT, and the Medical Research
Council was not currently funding research into BBT.[cx]
John McDonnell then asked what the cost would be of providing free medication to
all asthmatics. Ms Blears replied "We estimate that the loss of
prescription charge income in England would be over £50 million a year..."[cxi]
On the 25th
June 2002, Anne Campbell brought BBT to the House of Commons again.[cxii] She
described the increase in asthma cases, the rising death rate, the financial
costs, and the theory and practice of Dr Buteyko. She said: "It is time we
admitted that the current treatments appear to be making us worse, not
better..." She described how, as asthma sufferer, after learning BBT her
symptoms were significantly reduced, and her use of reliever medication dropped
from four or five doses a day to occasional use.
Mrs Campbell
referred to evidence provided by the New Zealand and Brisbane trials and a UK
pilot study that showed a 90% reduction of reliever drugs within a few weeks.
She explained that the success of these trials had led to a two-year clinical
study in Glasgow, and asked that the chief medical officer examine the evidence
and support further trials to prove the efficacy of BBT.[cxiii]
The
Under-Secretary of State for Health, David Lammy, replied to Mrs Campbell that
he wanted to see “robust scientific evidence” that BBT is effective in the
treatment of asthma, and that it would be as effective as existing drug
therapies.[cxiv]
On the 3rd
December 2002, Anne Campbell once again asked the Health Secretary what
assessment had been made of BBT of asthma management. Ms Jacqui Smith replied
that the chief medical officer found that more research was needed into BBT,
"...to show that this method would be as clinically effective as the drug
treatments that are proving effective at the moment." When Mrs Campbell
pointed out that the Glasgow trial had achieved a 98% reduction in reliever
medication and a 92% reduction in preventive medication, indicating a great
saving for the NHS, Ms Smith dismissed the evidence saying that the trial would
not be finished until April 2003.[cxv]
David
Tredinnick argued that sufficient evidence had already been provided by the
Brisbane trial results, to which Ms Smith gave the stock response: "...
there is no robust scientific evidence that any complementary therapy on its
own can provide a lasting cure for asthma." She repeated that the chief
medical officer and the Medical Research Council agreed that more research was
needed.[cxvi]
Why isn't more research undertaken to prove the efficacy of BBT?
K. P. Buteyko
demonstrated a success rate of 96% in curing high blood pressure and angina,
and 98% recovery rate for asthma, bronchitis, allergy and rhinitis.
The recovery
rate of conventional medicine at that time for all of these conditions was nil.
On the basis of this proven success, BBT was granted a patent in 1985, number N
1067640, and USSR Minister of Health initiated the use of BBT in general
medicine.[cxvii]
In the UK, the
public organisations that claim to be dedicated to helping asthmatics, such as
the Government Department of Health and the Medical Research Council, say that
more research is needed before BBT can be prescribed by the NHS, but they are
not willing to support further research.[cxviii] [cxix] [cxx] In
1996 the Health Secretary Stephen Dorrell announced a five-year £5 million
research programme to find the cause of asthma. None of this money went towards
research of BBT.
The government
spends a mere £3 million a year on asthma research - the amount spent by the
charity Asthma UK.[cxxi] Compare this with £900 million per year that is spend on hospital admissions
and medications for asthma.[cxxii] All the clinical trials of BBT in the
West have been funded by private donations or by charities.[cxxiii] When researcher Jill
McGowan was denied funding for a pilot study she sold her house to fund it
herself, and donated three quarters of her salary to fund the two-year clinical
trial in Glasgow.[cxxiv]
In April 2004 Mr Watson
asked the Health Secretary what research the Department of Health had conducted
into reasons for increases in asthma rates in the previous twenty-five years.
Mr Ladyman replied that King's College, London led a £2.1 million European
Commission funded study of allergy and low lung function of adults in Europe,
and the National Asthma Campaign (now Asthma UK) produced a consultation
document that listed seven
key areas of asthma research including airway remodelling.[cxxv]
Asthma UK and the Medical Research Council
Asthma UK is
the only charity that claims to be "...dedicated to improving the health
and well-being of people with asthma."[cxxvi] Funded by private and corporate donors, it
spends £3 million per year on asthma research. It has spent a total of £30
million on research aimed at finding the cause of asthma and identifying new
treatments to control and prevent asthma.[cxxvii]
The Medical
Research Council (MRC) is funded by the Government Department of Trade and
Industry. Its main objectives are "...to promote the balanced development
of medical and related biological research, with the aim of maintaining and
improving human health."[cxxviii] Its accounts for the year 2005-2006 show that its parliamentary grant-in aid
totalled £459.5 million.[cxxix] Since 1998 it has generated an income of more than £200 million from its
involvement in antibody technology and the formation of biotechnology
companies. The MRC spends more than £500 million a year on its 40 Institutes,
Units and Centres, grants and training awards to individuals and teams in
universities and medical schools. King's College is in the top group of UK
universities for research income with grants and contracts of £100 million.[cxxx]
In September 2005, Asthma
UK and the MRC launched a new, jointly funded research centre: The MRC-Asthma
UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, based at King's College, London and
Imperial College, London. The
research at King's College is studying the effects of vitamins and steroids on
asthma.[cxxxi] Research at Imperial College London involves protein production, molecular
structural studies, cellular work on allergy and asthma, animal airway
function, and animal testing of potential new drugs. Guys Hospital and other
hospital based research institutions are researching "airway re-modelling"
i.e. how genetics, environment and drugs alter the structure of the airway wall
in asthma.[cxxxii] [cxxxiii] [cxxxiv]
The MRC and Asthma UK are
also spending their combined research budget on inhalers that deliver
anti-viral proteins to the lungs to prevent severe asthma attacks during viral
infections.[cxxxv] Asthma UK provides £2 million every five
years to research geared towards the
development of "targeted treatments"[cxxxvi] Studies include the causes and triggers of asthma in childhood,
such as family history, home environment and physical activity.[cxxxvii] [cxxxviii] Asthma UK also supports Professor Anne
Tattersfield's research into how drugs work in asthma, with the aim of ensuring
the optimum use of drugs.[cxxxix]
Asthma UK
claims it is committed to supporting research into non-drug approaches to
control asthma, yet the Asthma UK Fact
File is dismissive of BBT. It makes the false claim that studies showed that
the Pranayama breathing technique was more successful in reducing asthma
symptoms than BBT.[cxl] This
statement is based on Anne
Tattersfield's report of the Nottingham trial, which she claims found that BBT
reduced asthma symptoms and the need for reliever drugs but had no effect on
the underlying condition or the need for preventer medicine.[cxli] This is a misrepresentation
of the results of the trial. In fact, the results showed a 100% reduction in
bronchodilators, and after six months 40% of participants reduced steroid use
by 75-100% and 15% reduced steroid use by 25-50%. There was no reduction in
bronchodilators in the pranayamic or placebo groups. Tattersfield describes
this result as “non-significant.” [cxlii] [cxliii] Could this researcher's integrity have
been compromised?
The Asthma UK Fact File
also claims that: "Very little research has been published in medical
journals about BBT."[cxliv] This is untrue. Numerous studies have been published in medical journals
worldwide that prove the efficacy and safety of BBT.[cxlv] [cxlvi] [cxlvii] [cxlviii] [cxlix] [cl] [cli] [clii] [cliii] [cliv] [clv] There is no evidence that BBT is not safe and effective. However, abundant evidence has been published in
worldwide medical journals that asthma medications are unsafe and ineffective.[clvi] [clvii] [clviii] [clix] [clx] [clxi] [clxii] [clxiii] [clxiv] [clxv] [clxvi]
The honesty and integrity
of Asthma UK is further called into doubt by the lack of veracity in the
figures it quotes as to the number of people in the United Kingdom with asthma.
A report commissioned by Asthma UK in 2004 claimed the number of people
diagnosed with asthma in the UK was 5,200,000.[clxvii] [clxviii] [clxix] In an Audit in 2001 the charity claimed
that 8 million people in the UK were diagnosed with asthma.[clxx] Given the evidence that asthma is
increasing and not decreasing,[clxxi] [clxxii] these figures are
impossible. Since the
population of the UK in 2004 was about 60 million,[clxxiii] [clxxiv] an average of the
percentages quoted by the GINA report indicates that the figure given by Asthma
UK is about half of the real number of people in the UK with asthma.
The direction
that Asthma UK has taken in the research it selects to support, together with
its dismissive stance towards BBT, suggests that there are greater benefits to
be gained from supporting drug companies rather than research that would
ascertain the cause and cure of asthma. The charity's Accounts for 2005/2006
lists many pharmaceutical companies among its corporate donors: GlaxoSmithKline, Altana Pharma Ltd, Lloydspharmacy,
Novartis Pharma UK Ltd, Superdrug Stores plc, AstraZeneca UK Ltd, Boots The
Chemist, IVAX Pharmaceuticals UK, Schering-Plough Ltd, and Ranbaxy UK Ltd.[clxxv]
The pharmaceutical companies
Most clinical
trials are funded by drug companies for the purpose of proving that their
products are safe and effective. They have no incentive to invest in research
that will find a drug-free cure for asthma.[clxxvi] The total sales for asthma drug treatments worldwide in 2005 was more than $35
billion.[clxxvii] The leading asthma drug companies are GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca. The
shareholders of these companies are likely to resist anything that threatens
profits.[clxxviii]
The pharmaceutical
companies are spending their research money on developing new combinations of
existing drugs, such as a combined broncholidator/steroid inhaler,[clxxix] that have been
proven unsafe.[clxxx] GlaxoSmithKline has developed a range of asthma products, most of which contain
long-acting beta-2 agonists.[clxxxi] Novartis and Schering-Plough are developing a once-daily combination drug for
asthma and COPD.[clxxxii]
Due to reports
of adverse reactions of salmeterol,[clxxxiii] [clxxxiv] GlaxoSmithKline began a clinical trial of the drug (SMART) in 1996, but abandoned
it in 2003 after analysis showed four times as many respiratory related deaths
among those on salmeterol than those on existing asthma medication.[clxxxv] A
report by the United States Food and Drug Administration's Pulmonary-Allergy
Drugs Advisory Committee in 2005 shows how GlaxoSmithKline failed to publish
the results and manipulated the data it submitted to the FDA in order to
diminish the apparent risks of the drug.[clxxxvi] In 2003 it was reported that salmeterol was subject to a government
investigation in the UK.[clxxxvii] Doctors have called on the European Medicines Agency to review the use of long
acting beta-agonist drugs, including salmeterol and formoterol.[clxxxviii] [clxxxix]
Following the
Serevent news, Merck also stopped trials of their asthma drug due to safety
concerns. This was followed by news of a link of Novartis' asthma drug Xolair
to cancer. Other asthma drugs, Acculate and Flovent were found to cause fatal
illnesses, and Isoprenaline caused the deaths of over 3,500 children and young
adults in the UK.[cxc]
It is interesting to note
that Dr Seif Shaheen's research at Kings' College found that countries with the
highest rates of asthma also have the highest levels of paracetamol sales. The prevalence of wheeze in adolescents
increased by half a percent for each gram increase in paracetamol sales per
head of population.[cxci]
The Medical Profession
Buteyko's deep
breathing disease theory is a fundamental challenge to orthodox medicine.[cxcii] The
medical profession is reluctant to examine the theory seriously. Peter Kolb
suggests that the reasons for this include: fear of loss of credibility and
respect, and fear of loss of an important area of the health care industry, but
the most sinister reason is the influence of the pharmaceutical industry's
dependence on asthma remaining incurable.[cxciii]
Medical
resistance would seem to be influenced by the relegation of BBT to the
'alternative and complimentary therapies' category, combined with a denial of
the mounting evidence that disproves the efficacy of current drug treatments
for asthma. Credibility of BBT is further undermined by opportunistic “pseudo-Buteyko”
practitioners.[cxciv]
Some doctors
express concern about asthmatics stopping their medication.[cxcv] However, BBT does not
involve stopping medication before there is a cessation of symptoms. Wendy
Haddock, a physiotherapist who teaches a version of BBT, has found that doctors
are happy to reduce drugs that can have side effects in the long term,
providing their patient’s condition is improving.[cxcvi]
Jennifer Stark
claims one area of scientific contention is the lack of improved lung function
results in trials, but BBT researchers claim that lung function tests have been
shown to cause airway narrowing and asthma symptoms, which casts doubt on their
accuracy.[cxcvii] [cxcviii] Jill McGowan claims the Australian study measured responses too soon. In her
Strathclyde study, lung function and CO2 levels measured normal
after 24 months, but because only a random group was measured the results were
viewed as inconclusive.[cxcix]
The Times
published a letter addressed to the chief executives of all 476 acute and
primary care trusts in the UK, from Professor M. Baum who objects to non-drug
therapies and claims to be "concerned about ways in which unproven or
disproved treatments are being encouraged for general use in the NHS."[cc] Baum
states: "...we want patients to benefit from the best treatments
available," but he would put an end to the benefits that people derive
from non-mainstream treatments. Sixteen British Professors signed the letter.
Further research may reveal that pharmaceutical companies fund their work and
research.
The letter
coincided with Prince Charles' speech in which he expressed his support for
Complimentary and Alternative Medicine (CAM). A spokesman for the prince’s
Foundation for Integrated Health accused Baum and the other signatories of
being “clinical barons” and much of the media also attacked them.[cci]
The scientific and physiological basis of Buteyko’s theory
Dr Mike Thomas,
a consultant in Aberdeen, claims that BBT has no physiological or scientific
basis.[ccii] All
the evidence indicates this is untrue.
Dr Buteyko was
an outstanding scientist and doctor. He held a scientific degree of the
Candidate of Medical Sciences and published more than 40 scientific
publications. He was head of the laboratory of functional diagnostics at the
Institute of Cardiology of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences,
USSR.[cciii] The
scientific basis of his work in the laboratory and hospital trials has been
well documented.[cciv] [ccv] [ccvi] [ccvii] [ccviii] [ccix] [ccx] [ccxi] [ccxii] [ccxiii]
BBT is based on Buteyko's well substantiated, scientifically proven, theory of disease: disease is a disorder of the
mechanisms of regulation and restoration of an organism's function. Since
breathing is the highest in the hierarchy of functions, hyperventilation, with
the consequent depletion of CO2 leads to disease that manifests in a variety of
forms, including asthma, high blood pressure and heart disease. If breathing is
corrected, it leads to correction of the other functions, and restores the
patient to good health.[ccxiv]
K. P Buteyko claimed that CO2 is the staple for all
living matter on the Earth, and the principal regulator of all functions in the
organism.[ccxv] The depletion of CO2 from
the atmosphere, pollution, drugs, and bad breathing habits, combine to reduce
the level of CO2 in our lungs to a dangerously low level. This
prevents normal metabolism, and gives rise to protective mechanisms such as
bronchospasm, vasospasm, high cholesterol, and unstable blood pressure as the
body tries to stabilise the CO2 level. The consequences are
respiratory, metabolic, cardiovascular, nervous and immune system disorders,
allergies and cancer.
The underlying
basis for Buteyko’s theory was developed in the nineteenth century by C. Bohr
in his theory of the role of CO2 in the body.[ccxvi] CO2 is not
merely a waste gas as it is taught in the West, but plays a substantial role in
body functions. [ccxvii] [ccxviii] [ccxix] [ccxx] [ccxxi] [ccxxii] [ccxxiii] Shortage of CO2 in the blood and cells causes physiological and
biochemical imbalances, which lead to many chronic conditions. As the blood
circulates through the alveoli in the lungs, molecules of oxygen bind to
haemoglobin and are carried to the internal organs. Bohr found that CO2 is necessary for oxygen to bind to haemoglobin, and a 6.5% CO2 level
in the blood is required for oxygen to be released from haemoglobin to the
tissue cells. If the CO2 level in the blood is too low, this leads
to a decreased oxygen supply to the body cells and organs including the brain,
heart and kidneys.[ccxxiv]
BBT is based on the elimination of excessive
ventilation of the lungs, which causes depletion of CO2. Bronchial asthma may be a
protective reflex to resist loss of CO2 through hyperventilation.[ccxxv] Buteyko found that oxygen does not improve severe asthma and can result in
death. The more severe the bronchial asthma, the more hyperventilation
decreases CO2 and increases oxygen. As the CO2 in the
lungs decreases, oxygen increases; at the same time CO2 in the blood
increases and oxygen decreases; as a result the blood supply to the tissues
worsens and cells suffer from hypoxia - a loss of oxygen to the brain - in
which case the patient will die even though the lungs are full of oxygen.[ccxxvi]
It is
interesting to note that Dr Mike Thomas "...is now investigating a
breathing retraining programme using respiratory physiotherapists to see if it
improves people's breathing."[ccxxvii] The scientific and physiological basis of his research is unclear.
Conclusion
Asthma costs the UK £2.3 billion in terms of drugs,
hospitalisation, social security
payments and lost productivity.[ccxxviii] It would make more financial sense to invest in BBT at primary care level; this would save lives as well as money.[ccxxix] But the
Department of Health, the Medical Research Council, and Asthma UK say that more research is needed before
BBT can be prescribed on the NHS, but they are not willing to support further
research.[ccxxx] [ccxxxi] [ccxxxii] All of these institutions appear to
have been compromised directly or indirectly by income from pharmaceutical
companies.[ccxxxiii] [ccxxxiv] [ccxxxv] [ccxxxvi] [ccxxxvii]
The medical
profession is also influenced by drug companies that invest in hospital based
research and pay the salaries of research scientists and professors.[ccxxxviii] [ccxxxix] [ccxl] [ccxli] The
relegation of BBT to the status of a complementary therapy with no proven
scientific basis is convenient for a medical system that denies the evidence
that disproves the efficacy and safety of current drug treatments for asthma.[ccxlii] [ccxliii]
Those elected
to represent our interests lie to us and claim that there has been a reduction
of asthma cases, and that current drug treatments are effective.[ccxliv] [ccxlv]
They also mislead us about
the number of people diagnosed with asthma.[ccxlvi] [ccxlvii] [ccxlviii] [ccxlix] [ccl] [ccli] There is mounting evidence that asthma
medications are unsafe and ineffective and this has been published in many
worldwide medical journals.[cclii] [ccliii] [ccliv] [cclv] [cclvi] [cclvii] [cclviii] [cclix] [cclx] [cclxi] [cclxii] On the other hand, many studies published in
medical journals conclusively prove the efficacy and safety of BBT.[cclxiii] [cclxiv] [cclxv] [cclxvi] [cclxvii] [cclxviii] [cclxix] [cclxx] [cclxxi] [cclxxii] [cclxxiii]
A cure that requires no
drugs is seen as a threat to the drug industry and the system that depends on
its revenues.[cclxxiv] With a global asthma drug industry of
more than $35 billion, the drug companies have no incentive to invest in
research that will find a drug-free cure for asthma.[cclxxv] [cclxxvi] The future profits of drug companies depend on a
rapidly growing incurable market of asthma sufferers that is predicted to rise to 400 million by
2025.[cclxxvii]
BBT constitutes
a challenge to current theories of medical diagnosis and treatment of disease.[cclxxviii] [cclxxix] It threatens
to destroy the doctrines of western medicine that operate in a system in which
disease has become a consumer industry. Capitalism is thriving on our illness
and has no interest in promoting our well being.
The Health Secretary said
in her summary to Mrs Campbell: "Complementary medicine treatments may be provided on the national
health service if those responsible for commissioning health services on behalf
of patients locally (primary care trusts) consider that they are a clinically and
cost effective means of meeting an identified health need.” [cclxxx] General practitioners Dr
Spence and Dr Manley[cclxxxi] [cclxxxii] found that BBT fulfils these criteria. Therefore
it would seem that the future of BBT lies with people with asthma who want a
better quality of life and doctors who genuinely want to help their patients.[cclxxxiii]
BBT has proven
to be a cost effective, efficacious and safe treatment for asthma, but it is
perceived by the health system as potentially destructive. This is because the
health system is dominated by a belief that the only effective way to treat
disease is by means of drugs. The integration of BBT into medical practice in
the West needs a health system that is genuinely concerned about the health of
the people, investment in unbiased research that has no conflict of interests,
and a change in the way we think about medicine.
© By Martha
Magenta 2006.
6501 words
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